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TPH Risk Evaluation at Petroleum-Contaminated Sites

Navigating this Website
1 Overview
2 Introduction
2 Introduction Overview
2.1 Issues Unique to TPH
2.2 Applicability of Guidance
2.3 Background of Current Approaches
2.4 TPH Risk Characterization Framework
3 Regulatory Framework
3 Regulatory Framework Overview
3.1 History of TPH Regulation
3.2 What is the Legal Basis for Risk-Based Closure of Petroleum Sites?
3.3 TPH-Specific Regulatory Challenges
3.4 TPH-Specific Regulatory Tools
4 TPH Fundamentals
4 TPH Fundamentals Overview
4.1 Petroleum Chemistry and Refining
4.2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Petroleum Constituents, TPH Carbon Ranges (Fractions), and Metabolites
4.3 Properties of Aliphatic and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Fractions
4.4 Alterations of Petroleum Mixtures in the Environment Through Weathering Processes
4.5 Definition of “TPH” in Environmental Media in Risk Assessment
5 Conceptual Site Models
5 Conceptual Site Models Overview
5.1 Source Identification (Qualitative CSM)
5.2 Source Area Characterization, Extent, Distribution (Source Definition)
5.3 Fate, Transport, and Attenuation Mechanisms (Pathway Definition)
5.4 Points of Exposure (Receptor Definition)
5.5 TPH Target Levels
5.6 Compiling a CSM
5.7 TPH Data Collection Plan
5.8 Field Sampling Methods and Handling Procedures
5.9 TPH Analytical Methods
5.10 Silica Gel Cleanup Method
5.11 Reporting, Data Qualification, and Chromatograms
5.12 Data Usability, Interpretation, and Implications
6 Human Health Risk
6 Human Health Risk Overview
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Exposure Assessment
6.3 Direct Contact with TPH
6.4 Soil to Ambient Air Exposure to TPH (Volatiles and Particulates)
6.5 Leaching from Soil to Groundwater
6.6 Exposure to Groundwater/Surface Water
6.7 Exposure to Air
6.8 Food Chain
6.9 Toxicity Assessment
6.10 Evaluating Toxicity of Polar Metabolites
6.11 Toxicity Considerations for Different Exposure Rates
6.12 Risk Characterization
7 Ecological Risk Assessment
7 Ecological Risk Assessment Overview
7.1 ERA Process for TPH
7.2 Current National and North American TPH ERA Practice
7.3 Exposure Assessment
7.4 Toxicity Assessment
7.5 Risk Characterization
8 Risk Calculators
8 Risk Calculators Overview
8.1 Calculating TPH Risk
8.2 Electronic TPH Risk Calculators
9 TPH Special Considerations
9 TPH Special Considerations Overview
9.1 Special Factors
9.2 Emergency Conditions
9.3 Worker Exposure and Safety
9.4 Managing Open and Reopened TPH-Contaminated Sites
9.5 Estimating TPH Fractions
9.6 Managing the Presence of TPH Breakdown Products/Metabolites
9.7 Remedial Action and Institutional Controls
9.8 Common Mistakes and Lessons Learned
10 Stakeholder Concerns
10 Stakeholder Concerns Overview
10.1 Community Engagement Plans
10.2 Tools for Effective Community Engagement
10.3 Risk Communication
10.4 Communicating Risk Associated with TPH
10.5 VOCs in Commonly Used Products
10.6 Public Notification of Sampling
10.7 TPH Concepts Explained
11 TPH Risk Case Studies
Additional Information
Appendix A. Fact Sheets
A.1 Definition of TPH—Don’t Let the Name Fool You
A.2 TPH Analytical Methods
A.3 Silica Gel Cleanup (SGC)
A.4 Chemistry of Weathering Processes
A.5 Chromatograms: A Wealth of Information
A.6 TPH Fractionation Methods
Appendix B. Risk Evaluation Reference Tool
Appendix C. States Survey
Appendix D. Field Screening Methods
Acronyms
Glossary
Acknowledgments
Team Contacts
Document Feedback

 

TPH Risk Evaluation at Petroleum-Contaminated Sites
HOME

Team Contacts

TPH Risk Co-Team Leaders

Thomas Booze
California Department of Toxic Substances Control
[email protected]
916-255-6653

Michael Kwiecinski
Colorado Division of Oil & Public Safety
[email protected]
303-318-8512

TPH Risk Program Advisor

Roy Thun
GHD
[email protected]
661-287-3855

Team Members


Lawrence Acomb
Geosphere, Inc.

Rick Ahlers
Arcadis

Richard Aho
Retired

Mahbub Alam
Washington State Department of Ecology

Shanna Alexander
Georgia Environmental Protection Division

Salahadein Alzien
RWTH Aachen University

Jane Anderson
Chevron

Trevre Andrews
CH2M HILL

Tony Anthony
AKT Peerless

Morgan Atkinson
Utah Department of Environmental Quality

Ganesharam Balagopal
Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change

Sangho Bang
Tersus Environmental

Andrea Barbery
USEPA Office of Intergovernmental Relations

Buddy Bealer
Shell

James Beardall
Kleinfelder

Barbara Bekins
USGS

Amanda Bess
Chevron

Richard (Kirby) Biggs
USEPA OSWER/OSRTI/TIFSD/TIIB

Bjorn Bjorkman
GEI Consultants, Inc.

Todd Blessing
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation

Jayne-Anne
Bond U.S. Air Force

Thomas Booze
California Department of Toxic Substances Control

Travis Borrillo
NAVFAC EXWC

Sarah Bortz
Waterstone Environmental, Inc.

Roger Brewer
Hawaii Department of Health

Greg Brorby
ToxStrategies

Kevin Brown
San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board

Cristin Bruce
Shell

Jordan Caldwell
Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality

Doug Cantrell
Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation

Lynette Carney
Barr Engineering Company

Richard Cerbone
Amec Foster Wheeler

Arnab Chakrabarti
Terraphase Engineering

William R. Chapman
Virginia Department of Environmental Quality

Cynthia Cheatwood
EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc., PBC

Joseph Chittet
Burns & McDonnell Engineering Company, Inc

Daniel Clanton
Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality

Matthew Cohen
California State Water Resources Control Board

George Cook
Arcadis

Dayna Cordano
California State Water Resources Control Board

Robert Cramer
Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality

Joe Cunningham
State of Rhode Island

Anthony Danko
NAVFAC EXWC

Robin Davis
Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Retired

Elizabeth Denly
TRC

George DeVaull
Shell

Charlie DeWolf
Trihydro

Fred Dolislager
The University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Richard Doucette
Virginia Department of Environmental Quality

Joy Drohan
Eco-Write, LLC

Lloyd E. Dunlap
Trihydro

Scott Dwyer
Kleinfelder

Ramakant Dyawanpalli
Environmental Resources Management

Nizette Edwards Consolazio
Carnegie Mellon University

Will Elcoate
Alpha Analytical

David Elias
California Water Boards—SF Bay Region

Ross Elliott
DNREC-TMS

Kate Engler
Apex Companies, LLC

Charles Epstein
AECOM

Catalina Espino Devine
Chevron

Robert Ettinger
Geosyntec Consultants

Domonkos Feher
Hawaii Pacific University

Luis H. M. Figueiredo
Rio de Janeiro State University

Melissa Fisher
Bureau of Land Management

Julio Fuchs
IQUIBICEN-UBA. CONICET

Vrushali Gandhi
Virginia Department of Environmental Quality

Eric Garcia
ASC Tech Services

Bob Gensemer
GEI Consultants, Inc.

Amy Goldberg Day
Arcadis

Elizabeth Gonzalez
Waterstone Environmental, Inc.

Debi Goodwin
Arizona Department of Environmental Quality

Dibakar (Dib) Goswami
Washington State Department of Ecology

Ankit Gupta
Arcadis U.S.

Deirdra Hahn
Washington State Department of Ecology

Kris Hallinger
Environmental Resources Management

Nazmul Haque
District Department of the Environment

Jovon Hardy
AECOM

Allan Harris
EMCBC

Juliana Harris
CH2M HILL

Karen Hathaway
Barr Engineering Company

Yinghong He
CH2M HILL

Jenifer Heath
HeathToxicology

Uta Hellmann-Blumberg
California Department of Toxic Substances Control

Nicole Henderson
SRA International, Inc.

Katie Henry
Tetra Tech, Inc.

Ian Hers
Golder Associates, Ltd.

Tina Hoang
GSI ENVIRONMENTAL INC

Keith Hoddinott
US Army Public Health Center

Brock Hopkins
DND Canada

Harley Hopkins
ExxonMobil

Tamara House-Knight
Ramboll

Imran Hussain
Austrian Institute of Technology

Steve Irvin
GSI ENVIRONMENTAL INC

Mindy Jenkins
Waterstone Environmental, Inc.

Kathleen Johnson
The Westmark Group

Undine Johnson
Georgia Environmental Protection Division

Celeste Jorge
LNEC

Parisa Jourabchi
Golder Associates, Ltd.

Roopa Kamath
Chevron

P. Rodger Keller
Scott Environmental Services

Haley Kelley
Alabama Department of Environmental Management

Andrew Kirkman
BP

Deyuan Kong
Chevron

Jennifer Kosco
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection

Ronald Kotun
Tetra Tech, Inc.

Michelle Kramer
Defense Logistics Agency

Jeffrey Kuhn
Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Retired

Michael Kwiecinski
Colorado Division of Oil & Public Safety

Matthew Lahvis
Shell

Victoria Leffel
Indiana Department of Transportation

Nicole Leja
Eurofins Environment Testing US

Ann Lin
California Water Boards—LA Regional

Patricia Locklin
Maine Department of Environmental Protection

Edward Long
NAVFAC

Elena Lopez
AECOM

Benjamin Luckey
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality

Emma Hong Luo
Chevron

Gregory Lutton
GHD

Renae Magaw
Chevron

Diana Marquez
Burns & McDonnell Engineering Company, Inc

Monica Martinez
GHD

Vivek Mathrani
California Department of Toxic Substances Control

Chris McCarthy
CH2M HILL

Blair McDonald
Golder Associates, Ltd.

David McGall
AECOM

Patricia McIsaac
TestAmerica

Taryn McKnight
TestAmerica

Mark Merline
MegAnnum, Inc.

William Meyer
North Carolina Division of Environmental Quality

Elizabeth Miesner
Ramboll

Jillian Miller
University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Rojalin Mishra
Arcadis

Rachel Mohler
Chevron

Charles Montero
Amec Foster Wheeler

Kipper Montgomery
Arcadis

Aditya Moralwar
AECOM

Rangaramanujam Muthu
Parsons Corporation

Manivannan Nagaiah
Langan Engineering & Environmental Services

Jonathan Naile
Shell

Nishad Narayanan
CDM Smith

Alexander Nazarali
Confederated Tribes of Umatilla Indian Reservation

Judy Nedoff
Environmental Resources Management

Cherrie Nelson
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality

Steve Nelson
Auburn University

Charles Neslund
Eurofins Environment Testing US

Gary Newhart
USEPA—ERT

Eric Nichols
Substrata LLC

Mary Helen Niemann
Terracon Consultants Inc.

Shawna Nieraeth
North Dakota Department of Health, Environmental Health

Marjorie Norman
AECOM

Farhan Nuruzzaman
USEPA – Region 3

Jim Occhialini
Alpha Analytical

Kasarachi Omo-Osagie
Maryland Department of the Environment

Harry O’Neill
Beacon Environmental Services

Yue Pan
AECOM

Kanan Patel-Coleman
AECOM

Mala Pattanayek
Integral Consulting

Kent Patton
Patton Environmental LLC

Andrew Pawlisz
GHD

Daniel Pena
Minnesota Department of Health

Cara Peterman
University of Kentucky

Scott Pieper
COLUMBIA Technologies

Jeremy Poplawski
North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality

Fred Price
APMI

Lynn Que
Alberta Health Services

Francis C. Ramacciotti
GHD

Andy Rezendes
Alpha Analytical

Ileana Rhodes
GSI ENVIRONMENTAL INC

Divinia Ries
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality

Mark Rigby
Parsons Corporation

David Rigg
Arcadis

Marcos Riyis
Centro Universitario SENAC

Pamela Rodgers
Battelle Memorial Institute

Mark Rodriguez
AFCEC/CZTE

Ian Ross
Golder Associates, Ltd.

Nancy Rothman
New Environmental Horizons, Inc.

Jill Ryer-Powder
Environmental Health Decisions

Franklin Sanchez
Georgia Department of Public Health

Wilson Sandy
Environmental Resources Management

Nicholas Santella
BSTI

Robert Scofield
GSI ENVIRONMENTAL INC

Jennifer Segura
NAVFAC EXWC

Barrie Selcoe
CH2M HILL

Robert Shirley
AFCEC/CZPW

Gregory Simones
Quinnipiac University

Emilee Skyles
Animas Environmental Services, LLC

Matt Small
USEPA Region 9

David Smit
Mountain Area Land Trust, Evergreen Area Sustainability

Cory Smith
New Mexico Oil Conservation Division

Matt Smith
GHD

Simone Smith
Geosyntec Consultants

Nassim Sohrabi
Shahid Chamran Ahvaz

Aleksandr Soin
California Department of Toxic Substances Control

John Sours
JS3 Design, LLC

Everett Spellman
Kansas Department Health and Environment

Ross Steenson
California Water Boards—SF Bay Region

Lora Sterner
Kennedy/Jenks Consultants

Olga Stewart
Geosyntec Consultants

Miles Stotts
Kansas Department Health and Environment

Emily Strake
Langan Engineering & Environmental Services

Jennifer Strauss
Colorado Division of Oil & Public Safety

Nick Swiger
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality

Robert Symons
Eurofins Environment Testing US

Zachary Taylor
New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services

Gilbert Tellez
USEPA

Saty Thak
Langan Engineering & Environmental Services

Jillian Thompson
Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management

Roy Thun
GHD

Dave Tomlinson
Department of Energy & Environment

Andrew Toop
Ziltek Pty Ltd

Keith Torrance
Environmental Resources Management

Laura Trozzolo
TRC

Lyle Trumbull
OBG

David Tsao
BP

Jeffrey Tyson
Scott Energy Technologies

Iris Van Der Zander
Hawaii Department of Health

Usha Vedagiri
AECOM

Trish Venable
Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center

Susan Von Gonten
New Mexico Environment Department

Fred Vreeman
University of Alaska

Pamela Wadman
Maine Center for Disease Control

Denise Waite
Woodard & Curran

Lanita Walker
Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Mark Walker
Public Stakeholder

Tom Walker
USEPA Office of Underground Storage Tanks

Albert Wang
AECOM

Stephen Washburn
GZA GeoEnvironmental, Inc.

Sarah Weeks
Port of Tacoma

Donald Weir
True Blue Technologies, Inc.

Mark Widdowson
Virginia Tech

Elizabeth Winger
Eurofins Environment Testing US

Laurie Wright
BCS Incorporated

Christine York
Wood PLC

Carmen Yupanqui
University of Maryland–Baltimore County

Dawn Zemo
Zemo & Associates, Inc.

Maosheng Zhong
Beijing Municipal Research Institute

Hao Zhu
Utah Department of Environmental Quality









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