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TPH Risk Evaluation at Petroleum-Contaminated Sites

Navigating this Website
1 Overview
2 Introduction
2 Introduction Overview
2.1 Issues Unique to TPH
2.2 Applicability of Guidance
2.3 Background of Current Approaches
2.4 TPH Risk Characterization Framework
3 Regulatory Framework
3 Regulatory Framework Overview
3.1 History of TPH Regulation
3.2 What is the Legal Basis for Risk-Based Closure of Petroleum Sites?
3.3 TPH-Specific Regulatory Challenges
3.4 TPH-Specific Regulatory Tools
4 TPH Fundamentals
4 TPH Fundamentals Overview
4.1 Petroleum Chemistry and Refining
4.2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Petroleum Constituents, TPH Carbon Ranges (Fractions), and Metabolites
4.3 Properties of Aliphatic and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Fractions
4.4 Alterations of Petroleum Mixtures in the Environment Through Weathering Processes
4.5 Definition of “TPH” in Environmental Media in Risk Assessment
5 Conceptual Site Models
5 Conceptual Site Models Overview
5.1 Source Identification (Qualitative CSM)
5.2 Source Area Characterization, Extent, Distribution (Source Definition)
5.3 Fate, Transport, and Attenuation Mechanisms (Pathway Definition)
5.4 Points of Exposure (Receptor Definition)
5.5 TPH Target Levels
5.6 Compiling a CSM
5.7 TPH Data Collection Plan
5.8 Field Sampling Methods and Handling Procedures
5.9 TPH Analytical Methods
5.10 Silica Gel Cleanup Method
5.11 Reporting, Data Qualification, and Chromatograms
5.12 Data Usability, Interpretation, and Implications
6 Human Health Risk
6 Human Health Risk Overview
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Exposure Assessment
6.3 Direct Contact with TPH
6.4 Soil to Ambient Air Exposure to TPH (Volatiles and Particulates)
6.5 Leaching from Soil to Groundwater
6.6 Exposure to Groundwater/Surface Water
6.7 Exposure to Air
6.8 Food Chain
6.9 Toxicity Assessment
6.10 Evaluating Toxicity of Polar Metabolites
6.11 Toxicity Considerations for Different Exposure Rates
6.12 Risk Characterization
7 Ecological Risk Assessment
7 Ecological Risk Assessment Overview
7.1 ERA Process for TPH
7.2 Current National and North American TPH ERA Practice
7.3 Exposure Assessment
7.4 Toxicity Assessment
7.5 Risk Characterization
8 Risk Calculators
8 Risk Calculators Overview
8.1 Calculating TPH Risk
8.2 Electronic TPH Risk Calculators
9 TPH Special Considerations
9 TPH Special Considerations Overview
9.1 Special Factors
9.2 Emergency Conditions
9.3 Worker Exposure and Safety
9.4 Managing Open and Reopened TPH-Contaminated Sites
9.5 Estimating TPH Fractions
9.6 Managing the Presence of TPH Breakdown Products/Metabolites
9.7 Remedial Action and Institutional Controls
9.8 Common Mistakes and Lessons Learned
10 Stakeholder Concerns
10 Stakeholder Concerns Overview
10.1 Community Engagement Plans
10.2 Tools for Effective Community Engagement
10.3 Risk Communication
10.4 Communicating Risk Associated with TPH
10.5 VOCs in Commonly Used Products
10.6 Public Notification of Sampling
10.7 TPH Concepts Explained
11 TPH Risk Case Studies
Additional Information
Appendix A. Fact Sheets
A.1 Definition of TPH—Don’t Let the Name Fool You
A.2 TPH Analytical Methods
A.3 Silica Gel Cleanup (SGC)
A.4 Chemistry of Weathering Processes
A.5 Chromatograms: A Wealth of Information
A.6 TPH Fractionation Methods
Appendix B. Risk Evaluation Reference Tool
Appendix C. States Survey
Appendix D. Field Screening Methods
Acronyms
Glossary
Acknowledgments
Team Contacts
Document Feedback
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TPH Risk Evaluation at Petroleum-Contaminated Sites
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